Breeding indices have enabled farmers to select for multiple traits simultaneously, including negatively correlated traits such as milk production and fertility. This negative correlation is believed to be either caused by an energy deficit during early lactation or serves a functional purpose in providing optimal birth spacing. A linear regression was carried out between parameters describing a lactation curve and a fertility index (RZR) and milk yield EBVs (mEBVs) to determine the effects of selection on the lactation curve. Breeding values of first lactation milk yield and a RZR were available for 2,405 sires. Additionally, these sires had test-day records of the first lactation of ~2 Mio daughters. There was a negative correlation between mEBVs and RZR (r=-0.27, P<0.0001). Selection for fertility resulted in higher initial milk yield with an early peak yield. This suggests that an early peak occurs to provide offspring with sufficient milk despite a potential energy deficit. Further, an early peak provides an increased duration over which milk production declines and therefore sufficient time for the cow to recover from the energy deficit prior to a subsequent pregnancy. Finally, current production environments could be optimised to fulfil the genetic potential of high producing dairy cows.